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Our Withdrawal Remedy Explorer application provides a platform for using these data for pharmacovigilance, the identification of new treatments, and the better understanding of the needs of people undergoing opioid withdrawal. These results suggest that this methodology is a valid way to study the self-treatment behavior of a web-based community of people who use opioids. We identified both potentially promising remedies (eg, gabapentin for body aches) and potentially common but harmful remedies (eg, antihistamines for restless leg syndrome).Ĭonclusions: Many of the withdrawal remedies discussed by Reddit users are either clinically proven or potentially useful. Of the 130 potential remedies strongly associated with withdrawal symptoms, 54 (41.5%) were Food and Drug Administration–approved or commonly used treatments for the symptom, 17 (13.1%) were not often used to treat the symptom but could be potentially useful given their pharmacological profile, 13 (10%) were natural or home remedies, 7 (5.4%) were causes of the symptom, and 39 (30%) were other or unclear. We identified 458 unique substances and 235 unique effects. Results: Our named entity recognition model achieved F 1 scores of 92.1 (substances) and 81.7 (effects) on hold-out data. We developed the Withdrawal Remedy Explorer application to facilitate the further exploration of the data. We classified these pairs as follows: substance is a Food and Drug Administration–approved or commonly used treatment for the symptom, substance is not often used to treat the symptom but could be potentially useful given its pharmacological profile, substance is a home or natural remedy for the symptom, substance can cause the symptom, or other or unclear.
#HOW TO GET WORD AND EXCEL FOR FREE REDDIT MANUAL#
For each of the 16 effects identified as symptoms of opioid withdrawal in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, we identified the 10 most strongly associated substances. To identify effects that are symptoms of opioid withdrawal and substances that are potential remedies for these symptoms, we deduplicated substances and effects by using clustering and manual review, then built a network of substance and effect co-occurrence. Methods: We developed a named entity recognition model to extract substances and effects from nearly 4 million comments from the r/opiates and r/OpiatesRecovery subreddits. Objective: The aim of this study is to validate a methodology for identifying the substances used to treat symptoms of opioid withdrawal by a community of people who use opioids on the social media site Reddit. Little is known about the substances that people use or their effects. Many people who use opioids self-treat withdrawal symptoms with a range of substances. People often continue opioid misuse to avoid these symptoms. JMIR Bioinformatics and Biotechnology 12 articlesĮmail: The cessation of opioid use can cause withdrawal symptoms.JMIR Biomedical Engineering 58 articles.JMIR Perioperative Medicine 61 articles.Journal of Participatory Medicine 68 articles.
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JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies 164 articles.JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting 221 articles.
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Interactive Journal of Medical Research 236 articles.JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 915 articles.Journal of Medical Internet Research 6701 articles.
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